China has welcomed Iran’s proposal to expand bilateral cooperation in the fields of forestry, forest restoration and combating desertification, according to Iranian officials.

The proposal focuses on exchanging scientific and technical expertise, developing joint environmental projects, and benefiting from the experiences of both countries in managing forests and addressing land degradation.

The opposition between tradition and modernity has long served as one of the principal conceptual frameworks for interpreting social, political, intellectual, and cultural change. Within this framework, tradition is frequently represented as the inheritance of the past, while modernity is associated with rationalization, scientific knowledge, individualism, technological development, secularization, and new political institutions. Such a binary, however, risks reducing historically complex processes to a conflict between two supposedly coherent and mutually exclusive systems. The Iranian experience demonstrates particularly clearly the limitations of this approach. Iranian encounters with modernity did not constitute a simple transition from tradition to modernity, nor did resistance to Westernization necessarily amount to rejection of modernity itself.

The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user freedom.

The roles that the late Ferdous Kaviani created in cinema, theatre, and television are part of an artistic legacy that will not fade from the memory of the Iranian people. He was a master of character portrayal, possessing an undeniable ability to bring his roles to life. On the eighty-fifth anniversary of his birth, we commemorate his enduring memory.

14. Iran and Israel as Geographically Unequal Targets:
The enormous difference in territorial scale means that the consequences of an identical number of nuclear detonations would not necessarily be geographically equivalent. A country with enormous territorial depth and a country occupying a much smaller geographic area cannot be assumed to experience identical consequences. This is the foundation of the argument that an attacker must consider not only its ability to strike Iran, but Iran's ability to retaliate against a much more geographically concentrated opponent. In this context, the analogy that Israel's territory is comparable to an island relative to Iran's vast landmass illustrates the magnitude of the geographical asymmetry. The comparison is rhetorical, but it expresses a genuine strategic concept: territorial depth affects survivability.

Security

• Hide accidental password leaking via auth.log / journalctl for sudo commands #5648

The Daughters of Goshtasp

Humāy and Beh-Āfarīd, the daughters of Goshtasp and sisters of Esfandiyār, are referred to by different names in various sources.¹ According to the Shāhnāmeh, they are “wise”, “fortunate”, and “noble” daughters, whose faces “had never been seen by the wind”; yet fate condemns them to captivity among the Turks, “with pain and grief, and faces like lamps”:

Shahrnaz & Arnavaz, according to the Shahnameh, are the sisters of Jamshid and are the first women whose names Ferdowsi mentions. He bestows upon them such epithets as “pure,” “veiled,” and “chaste”:

Two pure women from the house of Jamshid
Were brought forth, trembling like a willow;

For both were sisters of Jamshid,
And were as crowns upon the heads of noble women.

Of the veiled women, one was Shahrnaz,
And the other, chaste Arnavaz by name.

(Book One, The Reign of Zahhak, 55: 6–8)