Security

Few political leaders illustrate the complexity of liberation movements and political violence as vividly as Menachem Begin. During the final years of the British Mandate, Jewish underground organizations—including the Haganah, Lehi (Stern Group), and Irgun—engaged in campaigns designed to end British administration and facilitate the establishment of a Jewish state.

The assassination of United States President John Fitzgerald Kennedy on 22 November 1963 remains one of the most studied and controversial events in modern American history. Kennedy's death, occurring during a presidential motorcade in Dallas, Texas, shocked the world and triggered decades of investigations, scholarly debates, and public speculation. The official investigations concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald was responsible for the shooting and acted alone, yet questions surrounding the evidence, intelligence failures, the motives of possible actors, and the possibility of a broader conspiracy have continued to shape historical discussion. This article examines the background of Kennedy's presidency, the events of the assassination, the official investigations, competing theories, and the continuing historical significance of the case.

The assassination of Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin on 4 November 1995 represents one of the most consequential acts of political violence in modern Middle Eastern history. Rabin's murder by Yigal Amir, an Israeli Jewish extremist opposed to the Oslo peace process, fundamentally altered the trajectory of Israeli-Palestinian relations and reshaped Israeli domestic politics. This article examines the historical background of the Oslo Accords, the political and religious motivations behind the assassination, the immediate and long-term consequences for Israeli society, and the broader implications for conflict resolution. Rather than viewing the assassination solely as an isolated act of terrorism, this study situates it within the wider context of ideological polarization, nationalist movements, democratic vulnerability, and peace-building in deeply divided societies.

This article examines Saudi Arabia’s role in regional conflicts through three interconnected dimensions: (1) the global expansion of conservative Salafi religious networks, (2) the use of political and military influence through allied actors and proxy relationships, and (3) the Kingdom’s role in conflicts across the Middle East and Africa, including Yemen, Syria, Sudan, and the Horn of Africa. Particular attention is given to debates surrounding the relationship between Saudi religious networks and extremist movements such as al-Qaeda, ISIS, and Jabhat al-Nusra, while distinguishing between state policy, private financing networks, ideological influence, and militant organizations that operated independently.

Youth constitute one of the most valuable human resources of any nation, serving as the foundation for future scientific, cultural, economic, and social progress. When young people become involved in violent street confrontations, particularly in highly polarized political environments, the consequences extend far beyond immediate casualties and property damage. Such events can result in the irreversible loss of human capital, deepen societal divisions, weaken civil institutions, and delay national reconstruction and development.

The European Union (EU) has long been a destination for migrants seeking safety, stability, and better economic prospects. However, the significant increase in migration over the past decade—particularly during and after the 2015 refugee crisis—has introduced complex security challenges for EU member states. While migration itself is not inherently a security threat, the unprecedented volume and irregular nature of recent migration flows have strained administrative systems, fueled public anxiety, and occasionally been exploited by criminal and extremist networks. This essay examines the key security problems associated with large-scale migration to the EU, focusing on border control, terrorism, social cohesion, and policy coordination.