This article examines Saudi Arabia’s role in regional conflicts through three interconnected dimensions: (1) the global expansion of conservative Salafi religious networks, (2) the use of political and military influence through allied actors and proxy relationships, and (3) the Kingdom’s role in conflicts across the Middle East and Africa, including Yemen, Syria, Sudan, and the Horn of Africa. Particular attention is given to debates surrounding the relationship between Saudi religious networks and extremist movements such as al-Qaeda, ISIS, and Jabhat al-Nusra, while distinguishing between state policy, private financing networks, ideological influence, and militant organizations that operated independently.